Posted: September 14th, 2015

Word superiority effect

This lab report bases on three main articles
– PERCEPTUAL RECOGNITION AS A FUNCTION OF MEANINGFULNESS OF STIMULUS MATERIAL ‘ – Reicher
– Processes in word recognition – Wheeler
– How mean is the mean?

Intro General question:
– Is the identification of letters affected by presenting them in isolation or as part of a word?

Rationale for experiment
– present letters in isolation and in words
– differences in accuracy will indicate context effect

Two aims :
1- replicate classic word superiority experiment and results

2- examine pervasiveness of the classic result
i.e., does everyone show the same pattern of results?
What does this say about the pervasiveness of this effect?
What does it mean for only some people to show the effect
Does this mean the effect does not apply to all people
Use speelman and McGann 2013, as a starting point for asking this question

Methods
– participants – undergraduate student

– design – classical design experiment
Conditions:

1. Letters presented in a word;

2. Letters presented in isolation
What happens on a trial: Stimulus (1 letter or 1 word) presented briefly (40ms).

Subject required to identify letter at extreme right of display (i.e., in the letter condition this will just be the letter; in the word condition this will be the letter at the end of the word).
Number of trials: 96 (48/condition in a random order)

+ repeated measures design (i.e., everyone performed in both conditions)

+each trail: stimuli presented very briefly (40ms). Stimuli = 1 letter or one word
+ 96 trails-
=> 48 of condition 1 (letter only)
=>48 of condition 2(words), presented in a random order)

Results
– accuracy (% correct) of identifying a letter is higher when the letter is presented in a word than when it is presented by itself
– effect context
– spss output ( week2 tutorial , pp6-7)
– means follow classic pattern
– difference is significant (t(592) = 2.276, p<.05)
– count analysis : 50.6% of sample showed same result as group means
⇒ does it say other people have same effects or not?

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