Posted: September 23rd, 2015

International Relations.

Explain each term (definition), and state the significance of each concept in
understanding international relations (Each answer should be about a paragraph long).
(1) Anarchy
(2) Absolute Gains vs. Relative Gains
(3) The League of Nations

Answer the following question .
Question: South Sudan is now an independent state, but in 2007, it was still in the middle
of chaos, and conflicts as a part of Sudan. The following excerpts are from two articles in
the New York Times in 2007. Show how each theoretical perspective
(realism/(neo)liberalism/constructivism) would analyze and explain the events described
in these writings.
“Sudan Drops Objections to U.N. Aid in Darfur” by Warren Hoge (April, 17,
2007)
Sudan said Monday that it had dropped its objections to large-scale United Nations
assistance to the overwhelmed African Union peacekeeping force in Darfur, setting the stage for
the possible assignment there of United Nations peacekeepers.
President Omar Hassan al-Bashir of Sudan has repeatedly defied United Nations requests
and pressure from governments elsewhere in Africa and around the world to permit international
intervention in Darfur, saying such action would violate his country’s sovereignty.
……….The Security Council passed a resolution creating the force on Aug. 31, but it specified
that the force could only be deployed with the consent of the Sudanese government. That has
given Mr. Bashir the power to bar the force from Darfur, despite growing international demand
for it.
“U.N. Approves Peacekeepers for Darfur” by John Sullivan (August, 1, 2007)
The United Nations Security Council voted unanimously yesterday to authorize the
deployment of up to 26,000 peacekeepers to try to stop the violence in Darfur, in western Sudan,
where some 200,000 people have been killed in four years of conflict. The resolution will create
the world’s largest peacekeeping operation, costing about $2 billion in its first year and drawing
on military and police forces from the African Union and the United Nations, a United Nations
spokeswoman said. Though the resolution was toned down after objections from Sudan’s
government, it will allow the peacekeeping troops to use force to prevent attacks on themselves,
to protect civilians and aid workers, and to support putting in place a peace agreement.
………The Darfur conflict has been marked by brutal intertribal violence in which the Sudanese
government has armed Arab militias to fight the non-Arab insurgents. That ethnic warfare has
spilled into neighboring states and forced aid agencies to limit their work among some 2.5
million people who have been displaced by the fighting
………..As the resolution was approved Tuesday, the American ambassador, Zalmay Khalilzad,
issued a stern warning to President Omar Hassan al-Bashir of Sudan to cooperate. “If Sudan does
not comply with this resolution, the United States will move for the swift adoption of unilateral
and multilateral measures,” Mr. Khalilzad said in a statement. “Now Sudan faces a choice,” he
said. “Sudan can choose the path of cooperation or defiance.”

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