Posted: April 3rd, 2015

Drug-Drug interaction and Health Condition-Drug interaction

Drug-Drug interaction and Health Condition-Drug interaction

Order Description

PATIENT MEDICAL HISTORY FOR THIS ASSIGNMENT

Ruckersville
Medical Clinic
Dr Vern Geyer        Dr Peter Whistock    Dr Catherine Clark
M.B.B.S. FRACGP        M.B.B.S. GradDipAppSci    M.B.B.S.
PN1111111J        PN222222PK        PN3333333L

Chronic Disease Management
GP Management Plan & Team Care Arrangements MBS Item No. 721 & 723

Patients Name: Sophie Mills        Date of Birth: 17/03/1950
Contact Details:     49 Wattle Lane        Medicare No.: 2121 31314 1/1
Thurgoona NSW 2640
Private Health Insurance Details:
Details of Usual GP:            Details of Patient’s Carer (If applicable):
Dr Catherine Clark

If the patient has a previous or existing care plan, when was it prepared and what were the outcomes?
Other notes or comments relevant to the patient’s care planning:
Mrs Mills recently developed a Dermatophyte superficial mycosis that has been resistant to topical treatments.

HISTORY LIST
Active:
Date                Condition
14/03/2015            1. Dermatophyte mycosis
18/08/2012            2. Rheumatoid arthritis
11/12/2010            3. Gastric ulcers – Mild
25/04/2009            4. Superficial thrombi lower limbs
4/11/2008            5. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Inactive:
Date                Condition

MEDICATIONS
Drug Name
Script    Strength
Dosage
Reason
Last

Astrix
(Aspirin)    100 mg
1 daily
It’s mainly used for condition 4
BUT it Astrix can also effect Condition 5    05/03/2015

Magicul
(Cimetidine)
400mg
1 daily
Condition 3
16/01/2015

Diabex XR
(Metformin)
500mg
1 daily
Condition 5
05/03/2015

Dexamethasone
tablet
(Dexamethasone)
4 mg

2 daily
Condition 2
12/02/2015

Lozanoc® capsules
daily
(Itraconazole)
100 mg

once

Condition    1
23/03/2015

ALLERGIES: No known allergies
FAMILY HISTORY:            SOCIAL HISTORY:
Nil                    Lives with husband. Has (x3) three adult children. No                     dependents.

This assignment is divided into part A and B.
•    Part A: is only focusing on Astrix (Aspirin) AND “Diabex XR (Metformin)
•    Part B: is only focusing on Astrix (Aspirin)  AND Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Part A: A Drug-drug interaction (Max 2 pages)

A.    Introduction: brief introductory statements about the drug-drug interaction and the two drug s you choose which are Astrix (Aspirin) AND Diabex XR (Metformin). (word limit 50)

B.    Describe in a clear, detailed, succinct and logical manner the known interaction between the prescribed drugs “Astrix (Aspirin)” AND “Diabex XR (Metformin)”. Throughout the description make sure you include an accurate and clear explanation of how the interaction occurs. Include the following as you describe he drug-drug interaction (This part worth a lot of marks, it should have a lot of explanation):
i.    Paragraph 1: Astrix (Aspirin) normal pharmacodynamics
•    Firstly describe the normal pharmacodynamics
?    The main effect is treating superficial thrombi lower limbs but it can also lower the blood glucose level
?    YOU SHOULD MENTIONE OTHER EFFECTS OF THE DRUG to show that you understand the effects of the drug
•    Mechanism of action – describe the mechanism for ‘wanted and unwanted’ effects of the individual drugs
?    Without the drug-drug interaction; then
?    With the drug-drug interaction – the point you present here should be basis for elaborated in the section for
ii.    Paragraph 2: Astrix (Aspirin) normal pharmacokinetics
•    Absorption
•    Distribution
•    Metabolism, and/or
•    Excretion
iii.    Paragraph 3: Diabex XR (Metformin) normal pharmacodynamics
•    Firstly describe the normal pharmacodynamics
?    The main effect is lower blood glucose level
?    YOU SHOULD MENTIONE OTHER EFFECTS OF THE DRUG to show that you understand the effects of the drug
•    Mechanism of action – describe the mechanism for ‘wanted and unwanted’ effects of the individual drugs
?    Without the drug-drug interaction; then
?    With the drug-drug interaction – the point you present here should be basis for elaborated in the section for 3rd CA
iv.    Paragraph 4: Diabex XR (Metformin) normal pharmacokinetics
•    Absorption
•    Distribution
•    Metabolism, and/or
•    Excretion
v.    Paragraph 5: explain the drug-drug interaction between Astrix (Aspirin)” AND “Diabex XR (Metformin). (How do they interact?) (Is the Astrix (Aspirin) pharmacokinetics going to affect the Diabex XR (Metformin) normal pharmacodynamics? Or vise versa) or (Is the Astrix (Aspirin) pharmacodynamics going to affect the Diabex XR (Metformin) pharmacokinetics? or vise versa )
•    Additionally, the description comprehensively describes how the interaction causes these effects, including all of the most pertinent details demonstrating an in-depth understanding of the drug-drug interaction.
•    A clear, well written, and logically organised description of what the drug-drug interaction affects
•    From the drug-drug interaction affects description, explain if it makes it clear whether or not the interaction is affecting pharmacodynamics and/or pharmacokinetics of one or both drugs and whether the interaction is antagonistic or agonistic
•    Don’t mention the word antagonistic or agonistic BUT show in your explanation that it is antagonistic or agonistic.

vi.    Paragraph 6:  This includes clear descriptions of the normal pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, and unwanted effects of the drugs involved, and how they are altered by the interaction.
•    Paragraph 6 will have to include what was written in paragraph 5 but in brief summary and phrasing (TWO TO THREE SENTENCES).
•    The MAIN PURPOSE of this paragraph is that it will be a link to paragraph 7 like an introduction to paragraph 7
C.    Paragraph 7: Is the drug-drug interaction type between “Astrix (Aspirin)” AND “Diabex XR (Metformin)” agonistic or antagonistic?. You should name it correctly (including whether it is agonistic or antagonistic). (AGONISTIC IS THE CORRECT ANSWER)
•    In this paragraph you can mention the word agonistic.
•    This paragraph should be short and very basic (100 words max).
•    You should write what was written in paragraph 5 but in other words
•    This paragraph should have an explanation of why you decided that the drug-drug interaction type between Astrix (Aspirin)” AND “Diabex XR (Metformin) is actually AGONISTIC? Explain it.
•    A clear comprehensive explanation should be written on why the interaction was identified as this particular type of drug-drug interaction (agonistic or antagonistic).
•    Look at textbooks for descriptions of different types of drug-drug interaction. (Make sure to specify if the interaction is agonistic or antagonistic)
•    You should demonstrate an outstanding and in-depth understanding of the different types of drug-drug interactions.
D.    Describe the impacts, implications and significance of the drug to drug interaction.
1.    Write and accurate and clear articulated description
2.    Write all the impacts, outcomes and significance of the drug-drug interaction
3.    The impacts, outcomes and significance of the drug-drug interaction are described very well to demonstrate an in-depth and totally comprehensive understanding of the significance of the interaction
4.    All important impacts are described very well, and the assignment demonstrates an in-depth understanding of the fundamental principles of drug-drug interactions
E.    Conclusion: (without reference) a summary of everything you wrote on drug-drug interaction, based on Astrix (Aspirin) AND “Diabex XR (Metformin) (Word limit 50-100).
AT THE END OF PART A YOU SHOULD INSURE THAT THE Overall, this part of the assignment contains clearly articulated ideas and arguments, presented in a logical sequence, without ambiguity and without errors in spelling and grammar
(3 marks): Meaning is very clear throughout

There are no ambiguous or confusing sentences

There are no spelling and grammatical errors

All information is organised in a logical sequence to produce a cohesive and coherent description of the interaction, which allows the reader to easily follow and understand complex arguments and comprehend the inter-relationships between described concepts.

In this part I wrote what you are going to write about exactly the only thing you need to do is describe in details and using sources. You can use journals and text books as a reference.

Part B: Health Condition-drug interaction (Max 2 pages)
A.    Paragraph 1: A brief introductory statements about the drug-drug interaction and the two drug s you choose which are Astrix (Aspirin) AND Diabetes Mellitus (DM) (you SHOULD I INCLUDE TYPE 2 DM ONLY because it is one of the PATIENT condition). (word limit 50)
B.    Paragraph 2: Astrix (Aspirin) (Paragraph 2, 3 and 4 has the highest marks)
•    Describe pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of the drug
•    Mention the unwanted effects of astrix (Aspirin)
?    What does it do to the body?
?    What cells, tissues, organs or body systems are involved
?    One of the effects that has to be mentioned is when Astrix (Aspirin) is taken by a patient who has DM it will result in unusual decrease in the blood glucose level.
?    How has the body’s normal physiology been disrupted to alter the normal pharmacodynamics and/or pharmacokinetics of the drug?
?    How is the drug affected?- mechanism of action, absorption, distribution, metabolism AND/OR excretion
C.    Paragraph 3: Diabetes Mellitus (DM)
?    Everything about DM
?    YOU HAVE TO MENTION THIS: When patients with DM take Diabex XR it will result in a normal decrease in the blood glucose levels.
?    Describe pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of the drug
?    What is DM?
?    Treatments (Medications)
?    Types?
?    What does it do to the body?
?    What cells, tissues, organs or body systems are involved
?    How has the body’s normal physiology been disrupted to alter the normal pharmacodynamics and/or pharmacokinetics of the drug?
?    How is the drug affected?- mechanism of action, absorption, distribution, metabolism AND/OR excretion
D.    Paragraph 4: Explain the interaction between Astrix (Aspirin) AND Diabetes Mellitus (DM )
•    Condition 1: When both Astrix (Aspirin) + Diabex XR (Metformin) are taken by a patient who has DM it will result in the drop of the blood glucose levels below normal
•    Condition 2: 100 mg Astrix (Aspirin) is taken to treat superficial thrombosis, patients with DM can develop inflammation and prothrombosis risk, when those patients take 100 mg of astrix (aspirin), the superficial thrombosis will use 34 mg of astrix, inflammation will use 33 mg of astrix and prothrombosis will use 33 mg of astrix.
E.    Paragraph 5: Implications/significance of the health condition-drug interaction between (Aspirin) AND Diabetes Mellitus (DM) (YOU HAVE TO THEN REFER TO THE PATIENT)
•    Discuss the impact of the effect on drug – e.g. efficacy or toxicity…
•    Discuss how the disease exacerbated
?    From condition 1 (drug effecting condition): when the blood glucose levels drop uncontrollably, this will lead to exacerbation of what is called hypoglycaemia (Bryant & Knights, 2011, Page 672) which will then results in coma. (Bryant, B. & Knights, K (2011) Pharmacology for Health Professionals (3rd ed.) Sydney: Mosby Elsevier.)
?    For condition 2 (condition effecting drug): DM reduced the effect of astrix on superficial thrombosis.
?    The patient might be at risk of experiencing either condition 1 or 2.
F.    Paragraph 6: Conclusion (without reference) a summary of everything you wrote on health condition-drug interaction, based on Astrix (Aspirin) AND Diabetes mellitus (DM).